It is important to understand that a connector is not just a mechanical connection between two transmission lines.

It is also an RF connection with the express purpose of transferring as much of the RF energy as possible through the transmission line from Point A to Point B. All of the mechanical dimensions and materials used in the design of the connector will have an impact on its RF performance, particularly internal diameters. These diameters set up the transmission line impedances which must be close to the characteristic impedance (Zo) of the system (i.e. 50 ohms) or else the reflections in the connector will be excessive. Where significant deviations from Zo are required, perhaps for a barb or knurl on a contact, proper compensation steps must be added to minimize reflections.

When we design a connector, how can we be certain that it will perform well and with minimal reflections and losses?

In order to ensure that we meet all RF performance requirements, Amphenol RF has been using a very powerful simulation tool called HFSS. The tremendous advantage of the tool is that we can design the connector and simulate its performance without having to make actual samples and test them. We can try various modifications and have results within minutes or perhaps hours at the most for more complex designs. Only after we are satisfied with the results will we submit the design for samples to be made and then tested.